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Colliers International | Global Occupier Guide

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Mumbai

Usable area*

Space Measurement Standard
SQMT
SQFT
Space Unit of Measure

INR

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Financial Data Currency

Yes

Transfer Taxes

Notes:

*Usable area: space and service areas, which is under the exclusive possession of the client

Office Occupier Market Condition

1,1,1

Occupier Market Conditions – How conducive is the regulatory environment to starting and operating a business. Source: Colliers

Labor Cost – Wages for skilled office workers. Source: City Globe and Colliers

Tenant Favorable – Assessment of the real estate market condition for office space. Source: Colliers

Quadrant Legend: Blue = Favorable Medium Blue = Neutral Red = Less Favorable

Typical Loss Factor

25-40%

From rentable to useable square feet

Loss Factor Notes:

*The efficiency (usable sf) of Grade A property ranges between 60-75%

Landlord Concessions

Fit-Out Concession

The Landlord typically does not provide a contribution or concession to fit-out as a part of the lease transaction.

Fit-Out Cost Notes:

Given the cost of borrowing is higher for landlords, tenants prefer doing their own fit-outs or engage with a 3rd party Vendor for leasing. In case landlord is funding the capex, it is a practice in India that the landlord will amortize the fit-out cost into the rentals.

Rent-Free Period

The Landlord typically provides a contribution or concession in the form of a rent-free period.

Standard Range of Rent-Free Months

2mo.-6mo.

Typical number of rent-free months.

Rent-Free Period Notes:

Depending on the size of the space taken.

Tenant Rep Broker Fee (New Leases)

The tenant rep broker’s fee is typically split between the Landlord and Tenant.

Payment of Fees/Commissions Notes:

Fee split between agents

Tenant Rep Broker Fee (Renewals)

The Tenant typically pays the tenant rep broker’s fee.

Lease Provisions

Lease Term

5yrs.-9yrs.

Typical lease term in years.

Lease Term Notes:

Values are in years

Operating Expenses & Service Charges Included

Quoted market rent typically does not include operating expenses (service charges). There are additional charges that apply to leasing space.

Additional Charges:

Utilities
Service Charges
Stamp Duty
Electric
Rates
HST
Cleaning
Hydro
Registration Fees
Taxes
Insurance
VAT
Other

Service Charge Notes:

Opex costs considered - Electricity, Security, Water, Housekeeping, Consumables, Internet, AMC (Annual Management contract). These are additional charges paid by client. Currently, GST is 18% on rent and CAM charges.

Lease Fundamentals: The following apply to both office and industrial leases.

Lease Execution Requirements:

Typical upfront requirements
None for strong credit tenants
Upfront rental payment
Security deposit
Corporate guarantee
Not Applicable

Requirements Notes:

A token advance of deposit at the time of signing an LOI. This could be between 1-3 months of the agreed rent based on asset class.

Negotiated Subletting/Assignment

Typically, the tenant's right to sublease or assign the space is negotiated in the lease agreement.
Landlord Consent: Typically, the landlord's written consent IS still required.

Negotiated Subletting/Assignment Notes:

Yes, the landlord typically provides a sublease clause stating that client can sublease the space to its subsidiaries or any other third party depending on the clause executed. To be captured in lease agreement.

Statutory Subletting/Assignment

This is NOT a statutory right.
Landlord Consent: The Landlord's consent is still required.

Statutory Subletting/Assignment Notes:

A prior notice to landlord is required to obtain their consent.

Blend & Extend Strategies

Typically, a tenant can take advantage of "blend & extend" ("forward renewal", "early renewal", etc.) strategies when the appropriate market conditions exist.

Blend & Extend Notes:

Generally, deviating from the lease terms & conditions is not acceptable. However, depending on market situations, the landlord may be approached.

Statutory Early Termination

This is NOT a statutory termination right.

Negotiated Early Termination

It IS typical for tenants to be able to negotiate an early termination right in the lease agreement.

Typical Cost to Terminate Early

Client will have to pay for the unexpired term during lock-in period

Early Termination Notes:

Typically, 50-60% of lease term the tenant is locked in. Typical cost: if terminated within lock in period, rent for balance lock-in period is to be paid.

Obligations Upon Lease Expiration

Basic broom clean condition and removal of special installations.
Dilapidations.
Complete restoration to shell.
Other

Tenant Obligation Notes:

Reinstatement applicable only if discussed during the initial lease.

Workplace

Regional Office Space

40sf-50sf

Typical Square Feet per employee (includes office square footage for employees and contractors).

Regional HQ Office Space

50sf-70sf

Typical Square Feet per employee (includes office square footage for employees and contractors).

Workplace Notes:

Values mentioned for carpet area

Desk Sharing

Desk-sharing is a common practice in the market.

Desk Sharing Average

0.6

Average headcount per workstation.

Desk Sharing Notes:

However, it may vary from company to company, based on frequency of employees coming to office on a weekly basis.

Industrial Occupier Market Condition

1,1,1

Occupier Market Conditions – How conducive is the regulatory environment to starting and operating a business. Source: Colliers

Labor Cost – Wages for manuafacturing and warehouse/distribution office workers. Source: City Globe and Colliers

Tenant Favorable – Assessment of the real estate market condition for industrial space. Source: Colliers

Quadrant Legend: Blue = Favorable Medium Blue = Neutral Red = Less Favorable

Landlord Concessions

Fit-Out Concession

The Landlord typically does not provide a contribution or concession to fit-out as a part of the lease transaction.

Rent-Free Period

The Landlord typically provides a contribution or concession in the form of a rent-free period.

Standard Range of Rent-Free Months

1mo.-2mo.

Typical number of rent-free months.

Tenant Rep Broker Fee (New Leases)

The tenant rep broker’s fee is typically split between the Landlord and Tenant.

Payment of Fees/Commissions Notes:

Fee split between agents

Tenant Rep Broker Fee (Renewals)

The Tenant typically pays the tenant rep broker’s fee.

Lease Provisions

Lease Term

3yrs.-5yrs.

Typical lease term in years.

Lease Term Notes:

Values are in years

Operating Expenses & Service Charges Included

Quoted market rent typically does not include operating expenses (service charges). There are additional charges that apply to leasing space.

Additional Charges:

Utilities
Service Charges
Stamp Duty
Electric
Rates
HST
Cleaning
Hydro
Registration Fees
Taxes
Insurance
VAT
Other

Service Charge Notes:

GST is 18% on rent and CAM charges. Common area, common area lights and community generator are charged on a monthly basis.

Lease Fundamentals: The following apply to both office and industrial leases.

Lease Execution Requirements:

Typical upfront requirements
None for strong credit tenants
Upfront rental payment
Security deposit
Corporate guarantee
Not Applicable

Requirements Notes:

A token advance of deposit at the time of signing an LOI. This could be between 1-3 months of the agreed rent based on asset class.

Negotiated Subletting/Assignment

Typically, the tenant's right to sublease or assign the space is negotiated in the lease agreement.
Landlord Consent: Typically, the landlord's written consent IS still required.

Negotiated Subletting/Assignment Notes:

Yes, the landlord typically provides a sublease clause stating that client can sublease the space to its subsidiaries or any other third party depending on the clause executed. To be captured in lease agreement.

Statutory Subletting/Assignment

This is NOT a statutory right.
Landlord Consent: The Landlord's consent is still required.

Statutory Subletting/Assignment Notes:

A prior notice to landlord is required to obtain their consent.

Blend & Extend Strategies

Typically, a tenant can take advantage of "blend & extend" ("forward renewal", "early renewal", etc.) strategies when the appropriate market conditions exist.

Blend & Extend Notes:

Generally, deviating from the lease terms & conditions is not acceptable. However, depending on market situations, the landlord may be approached.

Statutory Early Termination

This is NOT a statutory termination right.

Negotiated Early Termination

It IS typical for tenants to be able to negotiate an early termination right in the lease agreement.

Typical Cost to Terminate Early

Client will have to pay for the unexpired term during lock-in period

Early Termination Notes:

Typically, 50-60% of lease term the tenant is locked in. Typical cost: if terminated within lock in period, rent for balance lock-in period is to be paid.

Obligations Upon Lease Expiration

Basic broom clean condition and removal of special installations.
Dilapidations.
Complete restoration to shell.
Other

Tenant Obligation Notes:

Reinstatement applicable only if discussed during the initial lease.

Project Management

Section 1. Fit Cost Data

Value-Added Opportunities:

We have been able to negotiate rates for furniture, carpets and equipment, but cannot generalize as it is case-specific.

Total Fit-Out Cost

₹2000/sf-₹2300/sf

Warehouse

Total Fit-Out Cost Notes:

The fit-out cost refers to the total cost of design, construction, and installation for a space. It includes categories such as materials, labor, furniture, fixtures, equipment, finishes and other related costs. The specific factors influencing the total fit-out cost can vary widely depending on the project scope, location, size of the space, quality of materials, and complexity of design.

Furniture Cost

₹250/sf-₹650/sf

Class A Office

₹175/sf-₹250/sf

Class B Office

₹200/sf-₹300/sf

Flex Office / Warehouse

Low Voltage Cabling Cost

₹150/sf-₹300/sf

Class A Office

₹100/sf-₹220/sf

Class B Office

₹100/sf-₹220/sf

Flex Office / Warehouse

₹100/sf-₹220/sf

Warehouse

Other (IT/etc) Cost

₹100/sf-₹150/sf

Class A Office

₹100/sf-₹150/sf

Class B Office

₹100/sf-₹150/sf

Flex Office / Warehouse

Construction to Move-in Cycle Time

18wks-30wks

Class A Office

16wks-26wks

Class B Office

16wks-26wks

Flex Office / Warehouse

14wks-26wks

Flex Office / Warehouse

Cycle Cost Notes:

Cycle time depends on various factors such as: Requirement of government sanctions, imported goods, location, design and specifications, and method of contracting. It cannot be generalized.

Section 2. Scope of Work Description

Phase 1: Services Before and During the Transaction

Review the LOI and work letter portion of the Lease to ensure that the clients interests are protected during the build-out of the project.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Advise Colliers broker and client on project issues and their resolution as they occur.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Participate in building tours, if requested, to evaluate building systems and other cost-related observations and prepare a building due diligence report
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Develop high-level project estimate and timeline based on test fit and Client standards
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Schedule and chair Schematic Drawings and Design Development Drawings review meetings/conference calls
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Define workplace strategy for client, research what kind of location, office / work environment accelerates business
Not available / not a service that can be offered.
Define program of requirements for location, building and interior characteristics
Not available / not a service that can be offered.
Engage with the Client Facilities Management (FM) Operations team to ensure alignment with Client standards
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Test fits for different building options
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Negotiation of technical agreements in the lease contract + hand over inspection and agreement
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Perform Test-fit
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.

Phase 2: Service Before and During the Design Process

Develop preliminary project budget and schedule.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Develop the RFP for selection of a space planner/architect and any other consultants identified and required
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Analyze, compare and evaluate responses to the RFP.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Orchestrate the space planner/architect interview process.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Negotiate, on behalf of the client, professional services agreements with the space planner/architect and other consultants.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Review architect’s final Program of Requirements.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Monitor the design team’s schedule of deadlines and deliverables. Coordinate meetings with the design team and the client. Manage the design process on behalf of the client.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Review and recommend payment of the invoices for services. Submit invoices for payment to landlord or client and prepare monthly reports of project costs versus project budget.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Negotiate all client-vendor contractors (IT, AV, Security/Access Control, Signage, High Density Filing) on behalf of client.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Coordinate with either Architect or General Contractor in permitting process
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Schedule and chair weekly design review meetings/conference calls
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Other Value-Add Services: Test fits (including Look & Feel) - Cost Estimates - Schedule/timing/phasing scenarios - Floor plan, core and circulation efficiency ratios(GIA vs NIA) (NOA vs NIA) - Technical due diligence/Assessments - We may pack everything into a Feasibility Study or proposed them separately depending on the situation.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Architectural design
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Phase 2 Notes:
Develop the RFP for selection of a space planner/architect and any other consultants identified and required: not always asked for, but can provide.

Analyze, compare and evaluate responses to the RFP: not always asked for, but can provide.

Orchestrate the space planner/architect interview process: not always asked for, but can provide.

Negotiate, on behalf of the client, professional services agreements with the space planner/architect and other consultants: not always asked for, but can provide.

Other value-added services exclude: Floor plan, core and circulation efficiency ratios, Technical DD, Feasibility Studies, which would come at an additional cost.

Phase 3: Services Before Construction

Liaise with the Landlord’s Representative.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Prequalify a list of general contractors to be interviewed (consult lease to confirm any Landlord required GCs).
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Develop the RFP, including Landlord and/or Lease required documents, for selection of a general contractor.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Analyze, level, and evaluate the responses to RFP.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Orchestrate general contractor interview process and prepare evaluation scorecard.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Review all proposed subcontractors and monitor the general contractor’s subcontractor bid process to ensure integrity of the process and quality of the workmanship.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Monitor the general contractor’s schedule of deadlines and deliverables. Coordinate meetings between the design team, general contractor, client and appropriate vendors.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Negotiate, on client's behalf, the General Contractor agreement for Client approval
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Schedule and coordinate Architect's 90% Construction Drawings review
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Develop Project Cost Summary + Invoice Tracker and update weekly
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Phase 3 Notes:
Prequalify a list of general contractors to be interviewed: sometimes required by clients in D&B models.

Develop the RFP, including Landlord and/or Lease required documents, for selection of a general contractor: sometimes required by clients in D&B models.

Analyze, level, and evaluate the responses to RFP: sometimes required by clients in D&B models.

Orchestrate general contractor interview process and prepare evaluation scorecard: sometimes required by clients in D&B models.

Phase 4: Services During Construction

Coordinate with the Landlord’s Representative.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Conduct weekly construction meetings to assess progress, quality and conformance with the Contract Documents and distribute minutes of meetings.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Monitor the general contractor’s schedule.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Monitor the construction budget.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Review, and recommend for payment, the contractor’s Applications for Payment.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Monitor all project documentation.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Act at all times as client’s liaison to vendors contracted directly by Client (IT, AV, Security/Access Control, Signage).
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Oversee the punch list process to ensure acceptable completion of all items.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Close out all consultant, contractor and vendor contracts.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Submit General Contractor, vendor, and consultant invoices to Landlord for reimbursement per the Lease Workletter
Not available / not a service that can be offered.
Review and recommend for payment all General Contractor, vendor, and consultant invoices; submit to Client for approval
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Deliver close-out documents, as specified in the Lease, to Client
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Coordinate value/engineering process, if required.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Provide as-built drawings and O&M Manuals to Client FM Operations team
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Monitor one year guarantee period and final hand over
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Phase 4 Notes:
Act at all times as client’s liaison to vendors contracted directly by Client: sometimes required by clients in D&B models.

Review and recommend for payment all General Contractor, vendor, and consultant invoices; submit to Client for approval: sometimes required by clients in D&B models.

Additional Services: Services During Relocation

Develop RFP for moving companies, evaluate responses and recommend selection of moving company or identify, interview and review proposal for services from relocation consultants.
Not available / not a service that can be offered.
Represent Client in development of move strategy.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Monitor development of move activity checklist.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Represent client on site during move process.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.

Additional Services: Project Management Services Related to Furniture/Workstation Procurement

Conduct bid process for all furniture (workstations, case goods, seating, filing) purchases specified by the architect and/or client.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Conduct bid process for refurbishment of existing furniture and/or workstations.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Evaluate bids and negotiate purchase order with manufacturer(s).
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Negotiate national buying contract with select furniture dealerships, using Colliers International purchasing power
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.
Change management before, during and after moving to the new work environment
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Measuring/monitoring (KPI's) how the way of working and building accelerates business and goals of the client
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Typically included in “Design/Build” scope of work.

Operating Environment Rankings reported on a scale of 1 (least favorable) to 10 (most favorable).

Human Capital

3, 7 3/10

Labor Force Growth
Labor force growth rate (past 5 years)

6, 4 6/10

Wage Inflation
Rise in wages (past 5 years, local currency)

5, 5 5/10

Millennials
Proportion of population in the age 20-39 cohort


7, 3 7/10

High School Education Equivalent
Proportion of population attaining this level

3, 7 3/10

University Education Equivalent
Proportion of population attaining this level

5, 5 5/10

Overall Education
Composite average of High School & University


5, 5 5/10

Human Capital Composite

Business Climate

4, 6 4/10

Innovation
Presence of innovative factors in economy

5, 5 5/10

Economic Risk
Resilience of economy to unexpected events

7, 3 7/10

Business Environment
Friendliness of business environment

1, 9 1/10

Corporate Tax Rate
Favorable corporate tax rate


4, 6 4/10

Business Climate Composite

Operating Environment Composite

5, 5 5/10

Combined average score of Human Capital and Business Climate factors

This document has been prepared by Colliers International for advertising and general information only. Colliers International makes no guarantees, representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, regarding the information including, but not limited to, warranties of content, accuracy and reliability. Any interested party should undertake their own inquiries as to the accuracy of the information. Colliers International excludes unequivocally all inferred or implied terms, conditions and warranties arising out of this document and excludes all liability for loss and damages arising there from. This publication is the copyrighted property of Colliers International and/or its licensor(s).

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