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Colliers International | Global Occupier Guide

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Sofia

BOMA

Space Measurement Standard
SQMT
SQFT
Space Unit of Measure

EUR

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Financial Data Currency

Yes

Transfer Taxes

Office Occupier Market Condition

1,1,1

Occupier Market Conditions – How conducive is the regulatory environment to starting and operating a business. Source: Colliers

Labor Cost – Wages for skilled office workers. Source: City Globe and Colliers

Tenant Favorable – Assessment of the real estate market condition for office space. Source: Colliers

Quadrant Legend: Blue = Favorable Medium Blue = Neutral Red = Less Favorable

Typical Loss Factor

10-15%

From rentable to useable square meters

Landlord Concessions

Fit-Out Concession

The Landlord typically provides a contribution or concession to fit-out as a part of the lease transaction.

Amount of Fit-Out Concession

€50/sm-€250/sm

Typical range of fit-out contribution.

Rent-Free Period

The Landlord typically provides a contribution or concession in the form of a rent-free period.

Standard Range of Rent-Free Months

1mo.-3mo.

Typical number of rent-free months.

Tenant Rep Broker Fee (New Leases)

The tenant rep broker’s fee is typically split between the Landlord and Tenant.

Payment of Fees/Commissions Notes:

Usually, we try to get our fee from the tenant that we are representing. However, there is a practice of “free tenant rep” in which the tenant does not pay us, but we get our fee from the landlord instead.

Tenant Rep Broker Fee (Renewals)

The tenant rep broker’s fee is typically split between the Landlord and Tenant.

Payment of Fees/Commissions Notes:

Usually, we try to get our fee from the tenant that we are representing. However, there is a practice of “free tenant rep” in which the tenant does not pay us, but we get our fee from the landlord instead.

Lease Provisions

Lease Term

2yrs.-5yrs.

Typical lease term in years.

Operating Expenses & Service Charges Included

Quoted market rent typically does not include operating expenses (service charges). There are additional charges that apply to leasing space.

Additional Charges

€2.5/sm-€3.5/sm

Estimated range for all additional charges per Square Meters.

Additional Charges:

Utilities
Service Charges
Stamp Duty
Electric
Rates
HST
Cleaning
Hydro
Registration Fees
Taxes
Insurance
VAT
Other

Lease Fundamentals: The following apply to both office and industrial leases.

Lease Execution Requirements:

Typical upfront requirements
None for strong credit tenants
Upfront rental payment
Security deposit
Corporate guarantee
Not Applicable

Requirements Notes:

2-3 months deposits, bank guarantee (for offices)







3-6 months deposits, bank guarantee (for industrial)







6 months is typical for BTS projects in industrial; upfront payment, and corporate guarantee is possible.

Negotiated Subletting/Assignment

Typically, the tenant's right to sublease or assign the space is negotiated in the lease agreement.
Landlord Consent: Typically, the landlord's written consent IS still required.

Negotiated Subletting/Assignment Notes:

Most times, subject to landlord approval of the new parties (not to be unreasonably withheld).

Statutory Subletting/Assignment

This IS a statutory right.
Landlord Consent: The Landlord's consent is still required.

Statutory Subletting/Assignment Notes:

If not restricted by agreement.

Blend & Extend Strategies

Typically, a tenant can take advantage of "blend & extend" ("forward renewal", "early renewal", etc.) strategies when the appropriate market conditions exist.

Statutory Early Termination

This IS a statutory termination right.

Negotiated Early Termination

It IS typical for tenants to be able to negotiate an early termination right in the lease agreement.

Early Termination Notes:

The rent amount till the end of the brokerage agreement. It could be also a few months rent subject to negotiation.

Workplace

Regional Office Space

12sm-18sm

Typical Square Meters per employee (includes office square footage for employees and contractors).

Desk Sharing

Desk-sharing is a common practice in the market.

Desk Sharing Average

0,6-0,8

Average headcount per workstation.

Industrial Occupier Market Condition

1,1,1

Occupier Market Conditions – How conducive is the regulatory environment to starting and operating a business. Source: Colliers

Labor Cost – Wages for manuafacturing and warehouse/distribution office workers. Source: City Globe and Colliers

Tenant Favorable – Assessment of the real estate market condition for industrial space. Source: Colliers

Quadrant Legend: Blue = Favorable Medium Blue = Neutral Red = Less Favorable

Landlord Concessions

Fit-Out Concession

The Landlord typically provides a contribution or concession to fit-out as a part of the lease transaction.

Amount of Fit-Out Concession

€0.5/sm-€2/sm

Typical range of fit-out contribution.

Fit-Out Cost Notes:

It can be provided fit-out contributions such as investing in racking system.

Rent-Free Period

The Landlord typically provides a contribution or concession in the form of a rent-free period.

Standard Range of Rent-Free Months

1mo.-3mo.

Typical number of rent-free months.

Lease Provisions

Lease Term

1yrs.-10yrs.

Typical lease term in years.

Operating Expenses & Service Charges Included

Quoted market rent typically does not include operating expenses (service charges). There are additional charges that apply to leasing space.

Additional Charges:

Utilities
Service Charges
Stamp Duty
Electric
Rates
HST
Cleaning
Hydro
Registration Fees
Taxes
Insurance
VAT
Other

Lease Fundamentals: The following apply to both office and industrial leases.

Lease Execution Requirements:

Typical upfront requirements
None for strong credit tenants
Upfront rental payment
Security deposit
Corporate guarantee
Not Applicable

Requirements Notes:

2-3 months deposits, bank guarantee (for offices)







3-6 months deposits, bank guarantee (for industrial)







6 months is typical for BTS projects in industrial; upfront payment, and corporate guarantee is possible.

Negotiated Subletting/Assignment

Typically, the tenant's right to sublease or assign the space is negotiated in the lease agreement.
Landlord Consent: Typically, the landlord's written consent IS still required.

Negotiated Subletting/Assignment Notes:

Most times, subject to landlord approval of the new parties (not to be unreasonably withheld).

Statutory Subletting/Assignment

This IS a statutory right.
Landlord Consent: The Landlord's consent is still required.

Statutory Subletting/Assignment Notes:

If not restricted by agreement.

Blend & Extend Strategies

Typically, a tenant can take advantage of "blend & extend" ("forward renewal", "early renewal", etc.) strategies when the appropriate market conditions exist.

Statutory Early Termination

This IS a statutory termination right.

Negotiated Early Termination

It IS typical for tenants to be able to negotiate an early termination right in the lease agreement.

Early Termination Notes:

The rent amount till the end of the brokerage agreement. It could be also a few months rent subject to negotiation.

Project Management

Section 1. Fit Cost Data

Total Fit-Out Cost

€1000/sm

Class A Office

€650/sm

Class B Office

€250/sm

Class C Office

Total Fit-Out Cost Notes:

The fit-out cost refers to the total cost of design, construction, and installation for a space. It includes categories such as materials, labor, furniture, fixtures, equipment, finishes and other related costs. The specific factors influencing the total fit-out cost can vary widely depending on the project scope, location, size of the space, quality of materials, and complexity of design.

Furniture Cost

€250/sm-€500/sm

Class A Office

€180/sm-€400/sm

Class B Office

Furniture Cost Notes:

These costs are typically paid by the client.

Floor Covering Cost

€30/sm-€55/sm

Class A Office

€15/sm-€30/sm

Class B Office

€12/sm-€15/sm

Class C Office

Partitioning Walls Cost

€40/sm-€45/sm

Class A Office

€40/sm-€45/sm

Class B Office

€40/sm-€45/sm

Class C Office

Partitioning Walls Cost Notes:

These costs are typically paid by the landlord up to a certain standard.

Other (IT/etc) Cost

€30/sm-€50/sm

Class B Office

Other Cost Notes:

These costs are typically paid by the landlord up to a certain standard.

Construction to Move-in Cycle Time

32wks-45wks

Class A Office

24wks-32wks

Class B Office

20wks-30wks

Class C Office

Typical Manpower Hourly Rates

€90/hr

Project Manager

€60/hr

Junior Project Manager

€50/hr

Project Assistant

€90/hr

Workplace Consultant

Project Management Base Fee

3%

Base fee [%] for the fitout of above office of 1000 m2.

Section 2. Scope of Work Description

Phase 1: Services Before and During the Transaction

Review the LOI and work letter portion of the Lease to ensure that the clients interests are protected during the build-out of the project.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Advise Colliers broker and client on project issues and their resolution as they occur.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Develop high-level project estimate and timeline based on test fit and Client standards
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Schedule and chair Schematic Drawings and Design Development Drawings review meetings/conference calls
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Define workplace strategy for client, research what kind of location, office / work environment accelerates business
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Engage with the Client Facilities Management (FM) Operations team to ensure alignment with Client standards
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Phase 1 Notes:
Develop high-level project estimate and timeline based on test fit and client standards: timeline only.

Phase 2: Service Before and During the Design Process

Develop preliminary project budget and schedule.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Develop the RFP for selection of a space planner/architect and any other consultants identified and required
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Analyze, compare and evaluate responses to the RFP.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Orchestrate the space planner/architect interview process.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Negotiate, on behalf of the client, professional services agreements with the space planner/architect and other consultants.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Review architect’s final Program of Requirements.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Monitor the design team’s schedule of deadlines and deliverables. Coordinate meetings with the design team and the client. Manage the design process on behalf of the client.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Review and recommend payment of the invoices for services. Submit invoices for payment to landlord or client and prepare monthly reports of project costs versus project budget.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Negotiate all client-vendor contractors (IT, AV, Security/Access Control, Signage, High Density Filing) on behalf of client.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Schedule and chair weekly design review meetings/conference calls
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Other Value-Add Services: Test fits (including Look & Feel) - Cost Estimates - Schedule/timing/phasing scenarios - Floor plan, core and circulation efficiency ratios(GIA vs NIA) (NOA vs NIA) - Technical due diligence/Assessments - We may pack everything into a Feasibility Study or proposed them separately depending on the situation.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Control workplace strategy and functionality and during design process
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Architectural design
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Phase 2 Notes:
Develop preliminary project budget and schedule: schedule only.

Phase 3: Services Before Construction

Liaise with the Landlord’s Representative.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Prequalify a list of general contractors to be interviewed (consult lease to confirm any Landlord required GCs).
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Develop the RFP, including Landlord and/or Lease required documents, for selection of a general contractor.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Analyze, level, and evaluate the responses to RFP.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Orchestrate general contractor interview process and prepare evaluation scorecard.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Review all proposed subcontractors and monitor the general contractor’s subcontractor bid process to ensure integrity of the process and quality of the workmanship.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.
Monitor the general contractor’s schedule of deadlines and deliverables. Coordinate meetings between the design team, general contractor, client and appropriate vendors.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Negotiate, on client's behalf, the General Contractor agreement for Client approval
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Schedule and coordinate Architect's 90% Construction Drawings review
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Develop Project Cost Summary + Invoice Tracker and update weekly
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.

Phase 4: Services During Construction

Coordinate with the Landlord’s Representative.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Conduct weekly construction meetings to assess progress, quality and conformance with the Contract Documents and distribute minutes of meetings.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Monitor the general contractor’s schedule.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Monitor the construction budget.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Monitor all project documentation.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Act at all times as client’s liaison to vendors contracted directly by Client (IT, AV, Security/Access Control, Signage).
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Oversee the punch list process to ensure acceptable completion of all items.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Close out all consultant, contractor and vendor contracts.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Submit General Contractor, vendor, and consultant invoices to Landlord for reimbursement per the Lease Workletter
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Review and recommend for payment all General Contractor, vendor, and consultant invoices; submit to Client for approval
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Deliver close-out documents, as specified in the Lease, to Client
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Coordinate value/engineering process, if required.
Not typically included at all, but available for an additional fee.

Additional Services: Services During Relocation

Develop RFP for moving companies, evaluate responses and recommend selection of moving company or identify, interview and review proposal for services from relocation consultants.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Represent Client in development of move strategy.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Monitor development of move activity checklist.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Represent client on site during move process.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.

Additional Services: Project Management Services Related to Furniture/Workstation Procurement

Conduct bid process for all furniture (workstations, case goods, seating, filing) purchases specified by the architect and/or client.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Conduct bid process for refurbishment of existing furniture and/or workstations.
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Evaluate bids and negotiate purchase order with manufacturer(s).
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Change management before, during and after moving to the new work environment
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.
Measuring/monitoring (KPI's) how the way of working and building accelerates business and goals of the client
Typically included in "Project Management" scope of work.

Operating Environment Rankings reported on a scale of 1 (least favorable) to 10 (most favorable).

Human Capital

1, 9 1/10

Labor Force Growth
Labor force growth rate (past 5 years)

7, 3 7/10

Wage Inflation
Rise in wages (past 5 years, local currency)

6, 4 6/10

Millennials
Proportion of population in the age 20-39 cohort


6, 4 6/10

High School Education Equivalent
Proportion of population attaining this level

5, 5 5/10

University Education Equivalent
Proportion of population attaining this level

6, 4 6/10

Overall Education
Composite average of High School & University


5, 5 5/10

Human Capital Composite

Business Climate

5, 5 5/10

Innovation
Presence of innovative factors in economy

5, 5 5/10

Economic Risk
Resilience of economy to unexpected events

5, 5 5/10

Business Environment
Friendliness of business environment

10, 0 10/10

Corporate Tax Rate
Favorable corporate tax rate


6, 4 6/10

Business Climate Composite

Operating Environment Composite

6, 4 6/10

Combined average score of Human Capital and Business Climate factors

This document has been prepared by Colliers International for advertising and general information only. Colliers International makes no guarantees, representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, regarding the information including, but not limited to, warranties of content, accuracy and reliability. Any interested party should undertake their own inquiries as to the accuracy of the information. Colliers International excludes unequivocally all inferred or implied terms, conditions and warranties arising out of this document and excludes all liability for loss and damages arising there from. This publication is the copyrighted property of Colliers International and/or its licensor(s).

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